But they heavily attacked the Ukrainian resistance almost everywhere and faced serious logistical problems where the poorly motivated Russian troops suffered from lack of food, water and ammunition.
The Ukrainian military also quickly deployed Western-supplied weapons such as the Nlaw anti-tank system, which proved to be very effective against the Russian advance.
By October 2022, the picture had changed dramatically and having failed to take Kyiv, Russia completely withdrew from the north. The following month, Ukrainian forces recaptured the southern city of Kherson.
Since then, the war has been in eastern Ukraine where Russian forces have gradually gained strength over many months, while losing at least 50,000 soldiers – and possibly many more.
By Dominic Bailey, Mike Hills, Paul Sargeant, Chris Clayton, Kady Wardell, Mark Bryson, Sana Dionysiou, Gerry Fletcher, Kate Gaynor and Erwan Rivault
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